Training in scientific integrity continues to be an important topic in universities and other research institutions. Its main goal is to prevent scientific misconduct and promote good scientific practice. However, there is still no consensus on how scientific integrity should be taught. Moreover, the perspective of those who receive such training is often underrepresented. Yet it is precisely their interests and needs that must be considered when developing educational programs. Against this backdrop, we conducted a mixed-methods study with the goal (...) of capturing students’ perspectives on the teaching of scientific integrity. Using our online Scientific Integrity course, we explore what specific aspects of digital teaching on scientific integrity are valued, and explore other topics of interest from students’ perspectives on scientific integrity. The article presents (1) students’ self-assessment before (Q1) and after (Q2) taking the online Scientific Integrity course at the RWTH Aachen University in Germany (2) students’ feedback on the course format, video, exam, organization, and support (Q2) (3) a list of other topics of interest in the area of scientific integrity (Q2). The research outcomes demonstrate an improvement in the study participants’ self-assessment after following the online course and there is a general satisfaction among the students in regard to the course digital format and its components although a desire to have more exchange and discussion was expressed. Further topics of interest in the area of scientific integrity that study participants would like to learn about have a practical appeal and among others include research pressure, examples of applications, preventive measures, theory of science, citation rules, funding of university research. Although the results relate to our course, they provide insight into students’ perspectives on online teaching of scientific integrity. Thus, they may be helpful to higher education institutions developing online courses on scientific integrity that are tailored to university students. (shrink)

Material Ecocriticism offers new ways to analyze language and reality, human and nonhuman life, mind and matter, without falling into well-worn paths of thinking. Bringing ecocriticism closer to the material turn, the contributions to this landmark volume focus on material forces and substances, the agency of things, processes, narratives and stories, and making meaning out of the world. This broad-ranging reflection on contemporary human experience and expression provokes new understandings of the planet to which we are intimately connected.

Basic hybrid logic extends modal logic with the possibility of naming worlds by means of a distinguished class of atoms (called nominals) and the so-called satisfaction operator, that allows one to state that a given formula holds at the world named a, for some nominal a. Hence, in particular, hybrid formulae include “equality” assertions, stating that two nominals are distinct names for the same world. The treatment of such nominal equalities in proof systems for hybrid logics may induce many redundancies. (...) This paper introduces an internalized tableau system for basic hybrid logic, significantly reducing such redundancies. The calculus enjoys a strong termination property: tableau construction terminates without relying on any specific rule application strategy, and no loop-checking is needed. The treatment of nominal equalities specific of the proposed calculus is briefly compared to other approaches. Its practical advantages are demonstrated by empirical results obtained by use of implemented systems. Finally, it is briefly shown how to extend the calculus to include the global and converse modalities. (shrink)

Giving Voice to Values is a very important tool that has helped many professionals better align what they do with what they value and believe. This book introduces the methodology of Socratic Dialogue as a complementary set of tools for creating spaces of joint reflection in which one can gain clarity about one's values and gain the confidence to voice them effectively. Socrates' main concern was to progressively reach a higher alignment between ideas and actions: that is, to achieve a (...) harmony between what we think, what we say and what we do. The first step to giving voice to our values involves introspection and dialogue with others - which is how we can become aware of what we really think and value. An examined life, Socrates reminds us, is a fulfilled one. Based on more than 10 years' experience teaching Socratic Dialogue to business and law students, executives and professionals, faculty, incarcerated people and other vulnerable groups, the book provides teachers and practitioners with a roadmap to conceive, design and conduct Socratic Dialogue courses and sessions. It provides context for the method and its adaptation to the challenges of the 21st century. The book also offers guidance on how to structure a Socratic Dialogue classroom, as well as a series of tried-and-true activities and exercises, practical recommendations, and testimonies of the transformative impact that dialogue courses have had on participants. The book is of prime interest to professors and educators of business ethics, as well as professional consultants working to help organizations become more responsible and introduce ethical reasoning in their decisions. It also serves as a valuable resource for social educators and practitioners in prisons and rehabilitation units, as well as teachers in primary and secondary education. (shrink)

The interactions among the components of a biological system can be given a logical representation that is useful for reasoning about them. One of the relevant problems that may be raised in this context is finding what would explain a given behaviour of some component; in other terms, generating hypotheses that, when added to the logical theory modelling the system, imply that behaviour. Temporal aspects have to be taken into account, in order to model the causality relationship that may link (...) the behaviour of a given component to that of another one. This paper presents a hypothesis generation method for linear temporal logic theories whose formulae have a restricted syntactic form, which is however sufficient to model cellular and molecular interactions, as they are often represented by biologists. The method exploits the duality between hypothesis generation and consequence finding, and can therefore be also used to infer the consequences of a given fact. It is based on a resolution system proposed by Cavalli and Fariñas del Cerro in 1984. (shrink)

This article examines one of Italo Calvino’s most beloved novels, (1957), contextualizing it in its landscape and exploring the multifaceted strands of its environmental creativity. Unsuspected paths of political ecology, environmental history, and even biosemiotics and plant neurophysiology will emerge, thus showing the timeliness and clairvoyance of his books vis-à-vis our planetary crises. Written in a seminarrative form, this piece is an invitation to read literary works not only along with their landscapes, but their landscapes, and to consider the potential (...) of more-than-human stories for the shaping of our ethical-environmental imagination. (shrink)

In un periodo in cui la storiografia filosofica italiana andava ridefinendo la sua identità, dopo la crisi dell’"egemonia" crociana e gentiliana, quella di Valerio Verra è stata senz’altro una delle figure più notevoli. A lui si deve infatti la ridefinizione di alcune tra le più importanti categorie storiografiche, e l’idea che la ricerca storica sia indispensabile per riconoscere, al di là di preconcetti teorici, la natura e i compiti della filosofia contemporanea. A due anni dalla morte, queste pagine ne analizzano (...) l’attività di storico della filosofia nel contesto in cui si è formata, mettendone in evidenza tematiche, metodi e criteri. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

This article examines one of Italo Calvino’s most beloved novels, (1957), contextualizing it in its landscape and exploring the multifaceted strands of its environmental creativity. Unsuspected paths of political ecology, environmental history, and even biosemiotics and plant neurophysiology will emerge, thus showing the timeliness and clairvoyance of his books vis-à-vis our planetary crises. Written in a seminarrative form, this piece is an invitation to read literary works not only along with their landscapes, but their landscapes, and to consider the potential (...) of more-than-human stories for the shaping of our ethical-environmental imagination. (shrink)

XML documents and, more generally, semistructured data, can be seen as labelled graphs. In this paper we set a correspondence between such graphs and the models of a language of hybrid multimodal logic. This allows us to characterize a schema for semistructured data as a formula of hybrid multimodal logic, and instances of the schema as models of this formula. We also investigate how to express in such a logic integrity constraints on semistructured data, in particular some classes of constraints (...) widely considered in the literature. The contribution of this work is twofold: 1) We generalize the notion of schema, by proposing a definition of schema were references are “well typed”. 2) We formalize semistructured data, schema for semistructured data and integrity constraints in a unique framework, namely hybrid multimodal logic. (shrink)

An international and interdisciplinary team of scholars offer innovative models of thinking about environmentality in the humanities and in Anthropocene discourse in the environmental sciences.

In this paper we study proof procedures for some variants of first-order modal logics, where domains may be either cumulative or freely varying and terms may be either rigid or non-rigid, local or non-local. We define both ground and free variable tableau methods, parametric with respect to the variants of the considered logics. The treatment of each variant is equally simple and is based on the annotation of functional symbols by natural numbers, conveying some semantical information on the worlds where (...) they are meant to be interpreted.This paper is an extended version of a previous work where full proofs were not included. Proofs are in some points rather tricky and may help in understanding the reasons for some details in basic definitions. (shrink)

Toward a New Socialism offers a critical analysis of capitalism's failings and the imminent need for socialism as an alternative form of government. Dr. Richard Schmitt joins with Dr. Anatole Anton to compile a volume of essays exploring the benefits and consequences of a socialist system as an avenue of increased human solidarity and ethical principle.

Behavioral interventions have shown promising neuroprotective effects, but the cascade of molecular, brain and behavioral changes involved in these benefits remains poorly understood. Projecte Moviment is a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effect and underlying mechanisms of an aerobic exercise, computerized cognitive training and a combined groups compared to a waitlist control group. Adherence was > 80% for 82/109 participants recruited. In this study we report intervention-related changes in plasma biomarkers and structural-MRI and how they (...) related to changes in physical activity and individual variables and their potential role as mediators in the cognitive changes. Our results show that although there were no significant changes in molecular biomarker concentrations in any intervention group, changes in ICAM-1 and SDF1-α were negatively associated with changes in physical activity outcomes in AE and COMB groups. Brain volume changes were found in the CCT showing a significant increase in precuneus volume. Sex moderated the brain volume change in the AE and COMB groups, suggesting that men may benefit more than women. Changes in molecular biomarkers and brain volumes did not significantly mediate the cognitive-related benefits found previously for any group. This study shows crucial initial molecular and brain volume changes related to lifestyle interventions at early stages and highlights the value of examining activity parameters, individual difference characteristics and using a multi-level analysis approach to address these questions. (shrink)

L'A. présente en premier lieu une histoire textuelle du Siracide, puis il étudie sa situation dans le judaïsme rabbinique et dans l'Eglise primitive.

The biblical Books of Proverbs and Ben Sira yield no narrative continuity or logical outline. They are simply collections. The best way to interpret these books is with the aid of a topical index. Most topical indexes are based on English translation. This article proposes a tentative topical index reflecting Middle East North African culture and its values. It will serve as the outline for a full length commentary already in process.

Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya is often used as a reference to violence in Islam, mainly because war narration is so dominantly displayed. The tendency of using Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya as the basis of violence conception in Islam drives Islamic teaching practices to become violence-oriented. This article presents a re-reading of Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya by Wakhiduddin Khan, Tariq Ramadan and Satha-Anand, with a mimetic anthropology framework. The reading on Al-Sira resulted in three conclusions. Firstly, there are many non-violence stories at all (...) stages in the life of Prophet Muhammad, since the pre-prophetic era until his death. Secondly, the Prophet Muhammad was a teacher who based his activities on the principles of tawhîd, patience, love, forgiveness and appreciation for humanity. Thirdly, educational activities are Muhammad’s exemplary activities which are full of non-violent values. The findings of this article can be used as the basis for the reformulation of Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya teaching materials in Islamic Education as well as the basis of teaching activities for Islamic teachers. Contribution: This article contributes to a paradigm shift in teaching the History of the Prophet Muhammad in a peaceful Islamic education system. The peaceful paradigm in this article can also divert the tendency of Islamic extremism to become an Islam that provides peace and prosperity to the universe ( rahmatan lil ‘alamin ). (shrink)

"Bu araştırmada Meraga Rasathanesi'nin kurucusu Nasîrüddin Tûsî'nin öğrencisi, meşhur alim, matematikçi, astronom ve İşrâkî filozof Kutbüddîn-i Şîrâzî'nin hayatı, eserleri, öğrencileri ile XIII. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde İlhanlı nüfuzu altında bulunan Selçuklu Türkiye'sindeki faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Şîrâzî, Sivas'ta kadılık ve Gök Medrese'de müderrislik yapmış, daha sonra İslamı kabul eden ilk İlhanlı hükümdarı Ahmed Tekudar tarafından elçi olarak Memluk sultanı Kalavun'a gönderilmiştir. Siyasi görevleri bununla sınırlı olmayan Şirazî, Argun Han tarafından Yakın-Doğu haritasını çizmekle vazifelendirilmiş, o da bu görevi başarıyla ifa ederek İlhanlı Devletinde önemli (...) bir konuma yükselmiştir. Ancak Şirazî bu siyasî görevleriyle pek anılmamaktadır. Nitekim onun ilim adamı sıfatı daha önde olmuş, siyaseti bazı nedenlerle tercih etmiştir. Şirazî Anadolu'da aklî ilimler sahasında dersler vererek Meraga matematik ve astronomi ekolunun buraya taşınmasını sağlamıştır. Daha sonra Tebriz'e giderek yetiştirmiş olduğu öğrenciler ve telif ettiği eserleriyle Anadolu, İran ve Türkistan coğrafyasında ilmî ve fikrî bir birliktelik oluşturmuştur. Daha sonra Semerkant matematik astronomi okulu mensuplarının Osmanlı ülkesine göçmeleriyle, Şirazî'nin astronomi ve matematik sahasındaki eserleri Osmanlı medreselerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmuştur."--Back cover. (shrink)

This article examines Mughulṭāy b. Qilīj’s (d. 762/1361) al-Zahr al-bāsim fī siyar Abī al-Qāsim, a ḥāshiya (gloss, marginal notes) on ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suhaylī’s (d. 581/1185) commentary on Ibn Isḥāq’s Sīra. Drawing on evidence from Mamlūk-era chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and commentarial introductions, it analyzes Mughulṭāy b. Qilīj as a historical figure and the context and content of his work. This is done in order to demonstrate how commentaries and glosses are deeply related to the schol­arly and cultural life of the period. (...) These resources testify to the antagonistic relationship between Mughulṭāy and his opponents and to the ensuing rivalry between them. Hence, this article seeks to examine the correlation between his personality and the rationale for his commentary, to determine the reasons behind his choice of text to write a gloss on and his sustained and harsh criticism against al-Suhaylī and his scholarly legacy. (shrink)

The assassinations of the Prophet Muḥammad’s antagonists were, according to the sīra, the harsh measures he took toward the consolidation of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. These incidents’ narratives are often labeled in modern scholarship as “completely free of any tendentiousness.” This contention seems, however, to be grounded in the lack of full cognizance of the sources’ ulterior motives and of the extent of literary devices deployed in the traditional biography of the Prophet. The present study identifies the topoi appearing (...) in the murder accounts of the Prophet’s political opponents that shed light on the extent of these stories’ dependence on each other and on the possibility of literary borrowing between them. This analysis shows that the use of literary tools in the sources are more widespread than what may appear at first sight. Our accounts exhibit striking resemblances with one another in both form and content, a point seriously undermining the trustworthiness of the sīra as a straightforward source for reconstructing the Prophet’s life. (shrink)

On the background and within the framework of the traditional Israelite-Jewish anthropology Ben Sira advises his pupils and readers to accept death as a fate and to draw the consequences of the fact that human beings have no other life than the present one. For the Lord the shortness of human life gives reason for his mercy, if they return to his commands. On the other hand the way a man dies is a parameter for God's judgement. Apart from (...) the fact that everybody is responsible for his fate the transitory character of life gives reason to enjoy oneself using his property for gifts to his friend and the embellishment of the own transitory days. But he should as well take care of his name, for a good name is just what may survive. In regard to the death of other people one should not withdraw from a dying, but after his death not lengthen the mourning for this would weaken himself whithout helping the dead one. This in the whole conservative outlook of Ben Sira protected him against philosophical and apocalpytic speculations, which he judged as devorced from reality. All what a humans may need for their life became revealed to them by the Lord. To act according to his commandments is better than to look out for fresh revelations. So we may understand Ben Sira as a representative of Judaism as a religion of reason in a transitional age, even if we would credit to his unnamed opponents that they had some idea about the transcendent mystery of life. (shrink)